Profile of Dr. S. Manickam
Personal Information

| Name | Dr. S. Manickam |
| Designation | Principal Scientist |
| Specialization | Plant Breeding |
| Date of Joining ICAR | 31-01-1997 |
| Date of Joining CICR | 31-01-1997 |
| Address:(Full office address, telephone with extn No., fax, email (both personal and official ICAR email ID) | ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Marudhamalai Road,Coimbatore – 641003,Tamil NaduPh: 0422-2430045Fax: 0422-2454021e-mail: manickam.cicr@gmail.com |
| Degree | Discipline | Institute/ University | Year of completion |
| M. Sc. / M. Tech | Plant Breeding & Genetics | Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore | 1992 |
| Ph. D. | Genetics | ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi | 1996 |
| Designation | Institute | Period From -To |
| Scientist | ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research | 31-01-1997 to 30-01-2001 |
| Scientist –Senior Scale | ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research | 31-01-2001 to 30-01-2006 |
| Senior Scientist | ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research | 31-01-2006 to 30-01-2009 |
| Principal Scientist | ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research | 10-11-2010 till date |
- Cotton Variety Development
- Cotton Hybrid Development
- Marker Assisted Breeding
- Fibre Quality Improvement
| Project title | Funding Agency | Period | Role |
| Development of high strength cotton genotypes by reducing the short fibre content | Institute | 2017-2025 | Project Leader |
| Development of long staple Bt varieties with improved ginning out turn | Institute | 2024-2029 | Project Leader |
| Development of elite Bt cotton varieties using deregulated transgenic events | Institute | 2018-2023 | Project Associate |
| Breeding for early maturity compact plant type and jassid tolerance in cotton | Institute | 2014-2022 | Project Associate |
| Induced Mutagenesis for Improvement of ELS (G.barbadense) cotton | Institute | 2020-2025 | Project Associate |
| Integrated Cotton Mobile App System | Institute | 2021-2023 | Project Associate |
| Collection, conservation, evaluation, documentation and maintenance of germplasm of cultivated species of Gossypium | Institute | 2008-2023 | Project Associate |
| Development of Extension Model for Promoting the Production of Extra Long Staple Cotton in India | Institute | 2019-2021 | Project Associate |
| AICRP on Seeds (Crops) | AICRP(Seeds) | 2025 onwards | Project Associate |
| Elucidation of radiation use efficiency of cotton genotypes with altered canopy architecture and planting geometries | Institute | 2024-2026 | Project Associate |
| Identification and characterization of germplasm lines and advance breeding with higher photosynthetic efficiency and harvest index for better yield in cotton | Institute | 2023-2026 | Project Associate |
| Technologies for upscaling of non-GM extra-long staple cotton production in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu | GIZ | 2025-2027 | Project Associate |
| S. No. | Name of the variety | Remarks | Year | Zone | Condition |
| 1. | CICR- H Bt Cotton 66/ ICAR- CICR 20-31 Bt | Bt cotton variety | 2024 | Central Zone | Rainfed |
| 2. | CICR- H BT Cotton 40 (ICAR- CICR PKV 081 BT) | Bt cotton variety | 2024 | South Zone | Rainfed |
| 3. | CICR-H Cotton 54 (Nano) | Compact variety | 2022 | Central and South Zone | Irrigated& rainfed |
| 4. | CICR- H Bt Cotton 60 (Yogank Bt) (CICR-183059- 5) | Bt cotton variety | 2022 | Central Zone | Rainfed |
| 5. | CICR- H Bt Cotton 61 (Tejas Bt) (Bt- 183059-4) | Bt cotton variety | 2022 | Central Zone | Rainfed |
| 6. | CICR- H Bt Cotton 62 (Namami Bt) (CICR 19-32 Bt) | Bt cotton variety | 2022 | Central Zone | Rainfed |
| 7. | CICR- H Bt Cotton 63 (Samart Bt) (CICR- 183059-2) | Bt cotton variety | 2022 | South Zone | Rainfed |
| 8. | ICAR-CICR Bt 9 (SRI 1 Bt) (ICAR-H Bt Cotton 49) | Bt Cotton variety | 2021 | Maharashtra State | Rainfed |
| 9. | ICAR-CICR Bt 14 (CPT 2) (ICAR-H Bt Cotton 50) | Bt Cotton variety | 2021 | Maharashtra State | Rainfed |
| 10. | ICAR-CICR Bt 25 (ICAR-H Bt Cotton 52) | Bt Cotton variety | 2021 | South Zone | Rainfed |
| 11. | CICRH-36 Cotton (Suraksha) | Long staple variety | 2021 | Central and South Zone | Irrigated |
| S. No. | Seminar / Symposium | Organized by | Venue | Period |
| 1. | Workshop on XMLisation of Standards and Online Standards Development | Bureau of Indian Standards | Bureau of Indian Standards, Southern Regional Office, Chennai | 16-10-2025 |
| 2. | Stake Holder State level Workshop | ICAR-IISWC | ICAR-IISWC, RC, Ooty | 12-08-2025 |
| 3. | National Workshop on Cotton Yield Improvement through HDPS | ICAR-CICR, Nagpur | Hotel LeMeridien, Nagpur | 07-03-2025 |
| 4. | International Conference on “Innovative Technologies for Research and Development for Sustainable Production of Cotton, Oilseeds and Fibre Crops” | Cotton Research and Development Association, Hisar | Goa | 13-15-11-2024 |
| 5. | 6th Bi Annual All India Cotton Conference | Indian Cotton Federation, Coimbatore | The Residency Towers, Coimbatore | 09-10-08-2024 |
| 6. | National Conference on “Pioneering the Future of Cotton Research” | Rasi Seeds Private Limited | Hotel Cenneys Gateway, Salem | 24-12-2023 |
| 7. | 9th Asian Cotton Research & Development Network (ACRDN) Meeting & International Conference | Indian Society of Cotton Improvement | ICAR-CIRCOT, Mumbai | 06-08-12-2023 |
| 8. | Round Table on “Seeds for Sustainable Cotton Production” | GIZ, India | Hotel Taj Santacruz, Mumbai | 04-10-2023 |
| 9. | National Dialogue on “Identification and utilization of ‘Novel genes’ of value and relevance for improvement of crop varieties suiting future challenges” | PJTSAU, Hyderabad | PJTSAU, Hyderabad | 02-09-2023 |
| 10. | International workshop on “Organic cotton: A way forward to sustainability” | Rajamata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Gwalior and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Switzerland | B. M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa | April 13-14, 2023 |
| 11. | Workshop on “Future prospects of cotton farming in Tamil Nadu” | Cotton Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Veppanthattai | Cotton Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Veppanthattai | January 30, 2023 |
| 12. | National Symposium on “100 Glorious years of cotton research and way forward” | Indian Society of Plant Breeders, Coimbatore | TNAU, Coimbatore | October 18-19, 2022 |
| 13. | National Symposium on “Paradigm shift in cotton cultivation” | Cotton Research and Development Association | MPUAT, Udaipur | August 08-10, 2022 |
| 14. | CITI-CDRA Golden Jubilee Celebration | CITI-CDRA | Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi | April 12th 2022 |
INVITED LECTURES
- Manickam, S. (2026). Policy framework for cotton fibre quality monitoring in India. In: CAFT Training on “Innovative breeding approaches for quality improvements in crop plants” organized by CPBG-TNAU, Coimbatore on 10-02-2026.
- Manickam, S. (2023). Selection for Biotic Stresses – ELISA based cry protein selection methodology for resistance to bollworm in cotton – A demonstration of the procedure. In: CAFT on “Smart Breeding for Climate Resilient Agriculture” organized by CPBG-TNAU during 22-11-2023 to 12-12-2023.
- Manickam, S. (2023). Ideotype smart breeding of cotton for the future requirement. In: CAFT on “Smart Breeding for Climate Resilient Agriculture” organized by CPBG-TNAU during 22-11-2023 to 12-12-2023.
- Awarded the “Professional Excellence Award” by the Cotton Research and Development Association, Hisar on 13-11-2024 at ICAR-KVK, ICAR-CCARI-Ela, Old Goa.
- Awarded the “Best Scientist Award” for outstanding contribution to the Institute during 2021-22 to 2023-24 in the Scientific Category on the occasion of 48th Foundation Day of ICAR-CICR by the Director, ICAR-CICR, Nagpur on 01-04-2024.
- Awarded the “Best Paper Award” for the paper entitled “Suraksha, a versatile superior long staple American cotton variety for Indian farmers” in the 9th ACRDN meeting and International conference on “Innovations for a resilient and sustainable cotton production and viable value chain” held during December 6-8, 2023 at ICAR-CIRCOT, Mumbai.
- Awarded the “Best Article Award” for the paper entitled Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) Based Selection in Cotton for Low Heritability Complex Traits which was published in AgriGate in Volume 02 Issue 03 of the year 2022.
- Awarded the “Best Oral Award” for the paper entitled Induced mutagenesis in Extra Long Staple Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) using Fast Neutron (FN) -a potent mutagen. In Book of abstracts of the International Conference on Future Challenges & Prospects in Plant Breeding (FCPPB 2021) (Eds. Geetha, S., P. Jayamani, S. Rajeswari,S. Manonmani and N. Manivannan), Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Pp.37 (ISBN: 978-81-954445-2-6).
- Awarded the “Best Poster Award” for the paper entitled “Molecular detection and diversity of antimicrobial peptide genes among Bacillus spp effective against cotton bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. Malvacearum” in the International Conference on “Industrial perspective, challenges and strategies in the development of novel bio-pesticides: Its implication in sustainable pest and disease management” held between 11th and 12th March, 2021 at Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
- Awarded Certificate of Appreciation for outstanding contribution in the Scientific Category for the year 2018-19 on the occasion of 43rd Foundation Day of ICAR-CICR by the Director, ICAR-CICR, Nagpur on 01-04-2019.
RESEARCH ARTICLES (not more than 10)
- Baghyalakshmi, K., Priyanka, A. R., Shanmugam, A., Sarathapriya, G. and Manickam, S. (2025). BLUP and AMMI synergy: a comprehensive approach for Gossypium barbadense genotype stability and yield assessment. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2025.2491587 (7.30)
- Paul, D., Kumar, R., Balasubramani, G., Bagri, S., Chandra, S., Manickam, S., Singh, S. and Prakash, A. H. (2024). Quantitative Analysis on Expression of Insecticidal Crystal Proteins in Different Plant Parts of BG-II Cotton Hybrids at Various Phenological Stages. Agricultural Research, 13(2): 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-024-00763-1 (7.40)
- Singh, S.B., Santhosh, H.B., Kranthi, K.R., Balasubramani, G., Fande, B., Shah, V., Ramkrushna, G.I., Prakash, A.H., Manickam, S., Baghyalakshmi, K., Santhy, V., Gaikwad, K and Gawande, S. (2024). Variety ICAR-CICR 25 Bt. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breeding, 84(1): 139. (7.00)
- Sivakumar, S., Manickam, S., Madhu, B., Kumar, K. B., and Iyanar, K. (2024). Feasibility studies on plant architecture traits influence on seed cotton yield of Gossypium hirsutum zero monopodial genotypes and assessment of ecological suitability to machine harvesting. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 48 (5): 634-646. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-011X.3208 (8.90)
- Madhu, B., Sivakumar, S., Manickam, S., Murugan, M., Rajeswari, S. and Boopathi, N. M. (2024). Evaluating morphological and biochemical traits in cotton genotypes mediating resistance to leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 61(1):103-115. (6.80)
- Madhu, B., Sivakumar, S., Manickam, S., Murugan, M., Rajeswari, S. and Boopathi, N. M. (2023). Improvising cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes for compact plant architecture traits suitable for mechanical harvesting. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed., 83(3): 398-406. (7.00)
- Sampath Kumar, A.,· Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan, K., · Nakkeeran, S. and Manickam, S. (2023). Multifaceted Bacillus spp. for the management of cotton bacterial blightcaused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum. Biological Control, 177:105111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.105111 (10.20)
- Singh, S.B., Kranthi, K.R., Sandhya Kranthi, Santhy, V., Raghavendra, K.P., Fande, B., Bhave, S., Satija, U., Prakash, A.H., Manickam, S., Blaise Desouza, Sarvanan, M., Santhosh, H.B. and Khanpara, M.D. (2023). Variety ICAR-CICR GJHV 374 Bt. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breeding. 83(3): 450. (7.00)
- Singh, S.B., Kranthi, K.R., Sandhya Kranthi, Waghmare, V.N., Raghavendra, K.P., Fande, B., Prakash, A.H., Manickam, S., Santhy, V., Santhosh, H.B., Joy Das and Rakesh Kumar (2023). Variety ICAR-CICR Suraj Bt. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breeding. 83(3): 452. (7.00)
- Singh, S.B., Waghmare, V.N., Raghavendra, K.P., Fande, B., Santhosh, H.B., Balasubramani, G., Shah, V., Blaise, D., Manickam, S., and Baghyalakshmi, K. (2023). Variety ICAR-CICR 23 Bt. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breeding. 83(3): 453. (7.00)
BOOK CHAPTERS AND CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
- Baghyalakshmi, K. and Manickam, S. (2025). Diallel Breeding and Genetic Investigation. In: Next Generation Plant Breeding, (Eds.) Sree Rangasamy, S. R. and Sivakumar, S. Next Generation Plant Breeding. pp. 79-94, Professional Prints, New York, USA, Print ISBN: 978-1-966695-28-8, eISBN: 978-1-966695-29-5
- Manickam, S. and Prakash, A. H. 2016. Genetic Improvement of Cotton. In: Gene Pool Diversity and Crop Improvement. (Eds.) Rajpal, V. R., Rama Rao, S. and Raina, S.N. pp. 105-161, Springer International Publishing, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27096-8; Online ISBN 978-3-319-27096-8; Print ISBN 978-3-319-27094-4
- Manickam, S. (2024). Mechanization in Cotton – Breeder’s Perspective. In: International Conference on “Innovative Technologies for Research and Development for Sustainable Cotton, Oilseeds and Fibre Crops” from November 13-15, 2024 at Ela, Old Goa.
- Manickam, S. (2023). Cotton Leaf Curl Disease and Tobacco Streak Virus Resistance Breeding in Cotton. In: National Conference on “Pioneering the future of cotton research” organized by Rasi Seeds Private Limited at Salem during 24th December, 2023.
- Prakash, A. H., Sabesh, M. and Manickam, S. (2023). ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project on Cotton: Transformed India as Leader in Cotton Ecosystem. In: Souvenir of “9th Asian Cotton Research & Development Network (ACRDN) Meeting & International Conference” organized by ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology at Mumbai during 06-08, December 2023. Pp. 67-77.
- Manickam, S. (2023). Quality cotton varieties for organic cultivation in India. In: International workshop on “Organic cotton: A way forward to sustainability” organized by Rajamata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Gwalior and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Switzerland during April 13-14, 2023 at B. M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa.
- Manickam, S. (2023). High yielding varieties suitable for HDPS and mechanization in cotton. In: Proceedings of Workshop on “Future prospects of cotton farming in Tamil Nadu”. Eds. Somasundaram, S., Anantharaju, P., Dhamodharan, P., Santosh Jeyaraj, R. P., Kalarani, M. K. and Subramaniyan, K. Organized by Cotton Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Veppanthattai on 30-01-2023. Pp. 20-25.
- Manickam, S. (2022).Fibre quality improvement in India – Breeders’ perspective. In: National Symposium on“100 glorious years of cotton research and way forward” organized by Indian Society of Plant Breeders (ISPB), Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 18th-19th October 2022. pp. 1-4.
- Manickam, S. (2022). Breeding cotton ideotype for farm mechanization. In: Book of Lead Papers of National Symposiumon“Paradigm Shift in Cotton Cultivation”atMaharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur on August 08-10, 2022. Pp. 39-45.
- Manickam, S. (2021). Breeding options for mechanization of cotton in India. In: International Conference on “Future challenges and prospects in Plant Breeding” organized by Indian Society of Plant Breeders (ISPB), Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 6th-7th October 2021. P. 19.
PAPER PRESENTED IN CONFERENCE/ SEMINAR / SYMPOSIA (in the last 3 years)
International
- Oral Presentation: Manickam, S., Raja, J. W. and Senthilkumar, R. (2023). Suraksha, a versatile superior long staple American cotton variety for Indian farmers. In Book of Abstracts on “9th Asian Cotton Research & Development Network (ACRDN) Meeting & International Conference” organized by ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology at Mumbai during 06-08, December 2023. Pp 3-4 (Theme-1).
- Oral Presentation: Usha Rani, S, Prakash, A. H., Amutha, M., Valarmathi, P., Manickam, S., Sankaranarayanan, K and Sabesh, M. (2023). Empirical Evidences on Cultivation Behaviour of Indian Extra Long Staple Cotton Growers and Extension Innovations to Emphasize Desirable Changes. In Book of Abstracts on “9th Asian Cotton Research & Development Network (ACRDN) Meeting & International Conference” organized by ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology at Mumbai during 06-08, December 2023. Pp 4 (Theme-6).
- Poster Presentation: Vinita Gotmare, Kumbhalkar, H., Saravanan, M., Mahajan, S., Pande, R., Hiremani, N., Manickam, S., Manivannan, A., Paul, D. and Kak, A. (2023). Cotton Germplasm in India. In Book of Abstracts on “9th Asian Cotton Research & Development Network (ACRDN) Meeting & International Conference” organized by ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology at Mumbai during 06-08, December 2023. Pp 33-34 (Theme-1).
National (See the format below)
- Poster Presentation: Banoth Madhu, Sivakumar, S., Manickam, S., Murugan, M., Rajeswari, S. and Manikanda Boopathi, N. (2023). Analysis of biochemical defence system in cotton against the leaf hopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula). In: Proceedings of Workshop on “Future prospects of cotton farming in Tamil Nadu”. Eds. Somasundaram, S., Anantharaju, P., Dhamodharan, P., Santosh Jeyaraj, R. P., Kalarani, M. K. and Subramaniyan, K. Organized by Cotton Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Veppanthattai. Pp. 108. ().
- Oral Presentation: Santosh, H. B., Manickam, S., Singh, S. B., Waghmare, V. N., Raghavendra, K. P., Shah, V., Kranthi, K. R., Gaikwad, K., Patil, S. S., Ravindra Chary, G. and Singh, V. K. (2022). Samrat Bt – A New, Early Maturing Bt Cotton Variety for Stress Resilience and Multiple Cropping in Rainfed Agro-Ecologies of South India. In: First International Conference in ‘Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges and Opportunities’. Extended Summaries. Eds. Rama Rao, C.A., Srinivasa Rao, M., Suvana S, Shanker, A.K., Pratibha, G., Rejani, R., Kundu, S.,Santosh, H.B., Asewar, B.V., Rohit, J., Rao, K.V. & Singh, V.K. IndianSociety of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, pp. 340-342.
- Oral Presentation: Santosh, H. B., Manickam, S., Singh, S. B., Waghmare, V. N., Raghavendra, K. P., Shah, V., Kranthi, K. R., Gaikwad, K., Patil, S. S., Ravindra Chary, G. and Singh, V. K. (2022). Yugank Bt –A new, early maturing Bt cotton variety for rainfed agro-ecologies of Central India. In: Book of Abstracts of National Symposium on “100 glorious years of cotton research and way forward” organized by Indian Society of Plant Breeders (ISPB), Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 18th-19th October 2022. pp. 33.
- Poster Presentation: Ananda Lekshmi, L., Kumar, M., Rajeswari, S., Raveendran, M., Uma, D. and Manickam, S. (2022). Investigating the genetics of Lintless-Fuzzless genotypes of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.). In: National Symposium on“100 glorious years of cotton research and way forward” organized by Indian Society of Plant Breeders (ISPB), Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 18th-19th October 2022. pp. 65.
- Poster Presentation: Panda, D., Kumar, M., Mahalingam, L., Raveendran, M., Senguttuvan, K. and Manickam, S. (2022). Study of pollen fertility variation in the F1 hybrids and parents in cotton. In: National Symposium on“100 glorious years of cotton research and way forward” organized by Indian Society of Plant Breeders (ISPB), Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 18th-19th October 2022. pp. 83.
- Oral Presentation: Manivannan, A., Manickam, S., Rathinavel, K., Shankarganesh, K., and Sampathkumar, A. (2021). Induced mutagenesis in extra long staple cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) using fast neutron (FN) – a potent mutagen. In Book of Abstracts: International Conference on “Future challenges and prospects in Plant Breeding” organized by Indian Society of Plant Breeders (ISPB), Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 6th-7th October 2021,pp. 37.
POPULAR ARTICLES/ SHORT NOTES/ SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
- Usha Rani, S., Manickam, S., Sankaranarayanan, K., Sabesh, M., Amutha, M., Valarmathi, P and Wasnik, S.M. (2022). Cultivation of Extra Long Staple (ELS) Cotton in South India – Constraint Analysis Using Problem Tree Technique. Cotton Innovations, 2(3): 31-36.
- Baghyalakshmi, K. and Manickam, S. (2022). Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) Based Selection in Cotton for Low Heritability Complex Traits. AgriGate, 2(3): 4-6.
- Manickam, S. (2021). Qualitative and quantitative transformation for producing quality cotton. Textile Times, 17 (10): 25-31
- Manickam, S. (2021). CICR’s new long staple upland cotton varieties (non-Bt) for cotton farmers of south and central zone of India. Cotton Innovate, 5(1): 1-3
RESEARCH BULLETIN/ EXTENSION BULLETINS
- Member, Indian Society for Cotton Improvement, Mumbai
- Life Member, Indian Society of Plant Breeders
- Member of Institute Management Committee of ICAR-CIRCOT, Mumbai from 2013-2016
- Member of Institute Management Committee of ICAR-CICR, Nagpur from 2022-2025
- Member of Institute Biosafety Committee of ICAR-CICR, Nagpur from 2020 onwards
- Member of Farm Advisory Committee of ICAR-CICR, RS, Coimbatore from 2018-2021
- Member of Institute Joint Staff Council of CICR, Nagpur from 2010-2021
- Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav
I certify that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge…
Dr. S. Manickam
